What are Deshaj, Videshi and Sankar words - CTET Hindi Grammar Part 2
I have dealt in detail with the Tatsam and Tadbhav words in Part 1 of this post. Here are the other 3 main types of Hindi words.
DESHAJ (देशज) words come from the word Desh (country) and are words of regional origin. There are two broad types of Deshaj words:
Anukaran Vachak (अनुकरण वाचक) These are words which are based on the sounds it represents). For example -
- Khatkhatana (खटखटाना)
- Garhgaranaa (गडग़ड़ाहट )
- kal-kal (कल-कल)
Anukaran Rahit (अनुकरण रहित) One doesn’t really know the origin of these words. They are truly the regional words of Hindi. These are generally, words of daily use.
- Kapaas (कपास)
- Kairi (कैरी)
- Mukka (मुक्का)
- Ladki (लड़की)
Sometimes, these words are from other languages of India
- Idli-dosa (इडली डोसा)
- Lungi (लुंगी)
Know more about
Deshaj words here.VIDESHI/ AAGAT/ VIDESHAJ (विदेशी/ आगत/ विदेशज) words - These words have become a part of the Hindi language but have come to it fro a foreign language. The most common foreign languages to be assimilated into Hindi are Arabic, Persian, Turkish and English.
Words from the Arabic language -
- Ajeeb (अजीब)
- Amir (अमीर)
- Akhir (आख़िर )
- Aadat (आदत)
- Inaam (इनाम)
- Izzat (इज़्ज़त)
- Ahsaan (एहसान)
- Umra (उम्र)
- Aulaad (औलाद)
- Kabra (कब्र)
Words from the Persian (Farsi) language -
- Afsos (अफ़सोस)
- Aabru (आबरू)
- Ummeed (उम्मीद)
- Kishmis (किशमिश)
- Kabootar (कबूतर)
- Gawah (गवाह)
- Chadar (चादर)
- Dukaan (दूकान)
Word from the Turkish language -
- Mughal (मुग़ल)
- Urdu (उर्दू)
- Kaleen (क़ालीन)
- Talaash (तलाश)
- Begum (बेग़म)
- Taash (ताश)
Words from the English language -
- Doctor (डॉक्टर)
- Captain (कप्तान)
- Theatre (थिएटर)
- Tarpaulin (तारपीन )
- Bottle (बोतल)
- Company (कंपनी)
- Pen (पेन)
Know more about Videshi words here.
SANKAR words are mixed words. Usually consists of two words and each of them belong to a different language
- Rail Gari (रेलगाड़ी) (Rail=English) and Gari (Hindi)
- Nekchalan (नेकचलन) (Farsi) Chalan (Hindi)
- Ashrugas (अश्रुगैस) Ashru = Sanskrit and Gas =English
Tips to Identify Videshi or Aagat words
The use of foreign sounds represented by क़ , ख़ , ग़ , फ़. Many a time, the written form of Hindi drops the dot sign but in spoken Hindi, the slightly throaty sound is used.
The use of the written sign of ‘au’ (”ॉ ) which is used o represent the ‘schwa’ sound of English which is not present in Hindi. Words such as common (कॉमन), hot (हॉट) etc are represented by it.
Here are some CTET questions based on the topic
निम्न में कौन सा शब्द देशज है?
निम्न में विदेशी शब्द कौन सा है?
किस शब्द में आगत ध्वनि है?
Answers: 1, 1 and 1
Sun Sep 25, 2022
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